Replacing vehicles lowers tailpipe emissions, but it does not solve the whole mobility task. Through rebound effects, faster or cheaper mobility can increase total traffic volume, reducing part of the climate gain and adding pressure to space and infrastructure.
The source therefore points to an integrated mobility transition. Gelderland needs electrification, but also fewer unnecessary kilometres, smarter transport, cycling, shared mobility, spatial proximity and zero-emission zones. This turns mobility from a vehicle-replacement programme into a system approach for accessibility and climate impact.