A stronger mobility shift comes from pairing rules with incentives: tighter environmental zones combined with support for sustainable transport let the two reinforce each other.
The logic is that restriction and support work better in combination than apart. Environmental zones raise the cost of high-emission travel, while subsidies lower the threshold to switch, so households and businesses face both a push and a pull at the same time. For Gelderland, coupling the two gives municipalities a coordinated instrument rather than isolated measures, and it reduces the risk that a zone simply displaces traffic instead of changing it. Aligning the timing of zones and subsidies would sharpen that effect where traffic concentrates. Source: Klimaatkansenkaart Gelderland (Mobiliteit), maart 2024 (2024).