Note. The strongly insulating plastics in the study are barely reusable in practice. Real reuse is 1% for PIR, 0% for aminotherm, 5% for EPS and 0% for PS beads — so at the end of their life these fossil materials largely become waste.
Their production emissions are high too: PIR 18.0, aminotherm 19.4, PS beads 12.0 and EPS 11.0 kg CO₂-eq/m². A good insulation value does not offset that. New Economy’s circular insulation study for Amsterdam reports this.