Three high risks: polyester, rubber and palladium. Polyester, rubber and palladium all three carry a high risk in salt spreaders. Palladium belongs to the platinum group metals that the EU has designated as critical raw materials, and a CO₂ levy on environmental burdens would hit polyester hard. Salt spreaders are highly modular, but without a circular model that value stays untapped.
High modularity makes all five revenue models applicable, with buy-back and refurbishment. This outcome is relevant for manufacturers of salt spreaders, road authorities and organisations in circular manufacturing. Source: RTA Manufacturing Industry Overijssel (2020).