Salt-spreader modularity scores 5 out of 5. Salt-spreader mechanisms score the maximum on modularity and price, making all five circular revenue models applicable. The manufacturing study for Overijssel by New Economy (2020) reports this for salt spreaders. Salt spreaders are highly modular, but without a circular model that value stays unused.
High modularity makes all five business models applicable, with buy-back and refurbishment. This is relevant for manufacturers of salt spreaders, road authorities and organisations in circular manufacturing.