Concrete or steel counterweights account for 48% of the weight. Most weight sits in low-value counterweights, not the core. The manufacturing study for Overijssel by New Economy (2020) reports this for UPS systems. UPS systems contain critical materials such as neodymium and have barely any second-hand market.
A performance model and life extension keep the value of UPS systems intact. This is relevant for manufacturers of UPS systems, data centres and organisations in circular electronics.