The nine promising solutions for homes and utility buildings have a combined reduction potential of 1,049 kton CO₂-eq in the forecast scenario and 2,174 kton CO₂-eq in the ambitious scenario. This keeps the built environment a major implementation domain toward 2030.
The core lies in renovation, heat supply and smart building control. Insulation, heat networks, heat pumps, warm-water recovery, building management systems and biobased materials need to be considered together. The source shows that climate gains in buildings depend not only on technology, but also on affordability, planning, comfort and public support.