Three structural forms of value loss. Overdimensioning, premature replacement and unused capacity are three structural forms of value loss in the built environment. Automatic replacement or expansion wastes costs and raw materials, while existing capacity remains unused.
The Refuse strategy at the top of the R-ladder first uses what is already there, translated into opportunity maps and programme lines. This outcome is relevant for market parties in the built environment, governments, trade associations and knowledge institutions. Source: Value retention (2026).