Extending component lifetimes keeps the product functioning longer and protects embedded material, labour and production value. In circular manufacturing, the goal is not only to recover materials, but to keep useful assemblies and components in service.
This makes maintenance, modular replacement and refurbishment central design questions. If critical parts can be replaced or upgraded, the whole product does not need to be discarded. That improves resource efficiency and gives manufacturers a practical route towards service-based revenue and long-term customer relationships.