Modular design keeps heavy components in use for longer. Renewing parts extends the life of heavy components. The manufacturing study for Overijssel by New Economy (2020) reports this. In manufacturing, value disappears at disposal, while components are often far more valuable than the material.
Five product families assessed for circular opportunities, with business models that keep value through performance and maintenance. This is relevant for manufacturers, OEMs and organisations in circular economy and industrial policy.