Battery and electricity account for one third of impact. The quickscan states that the battery, combined with electricity use over five years, together accounts for about one third of the impact of an aluminium electric bicycle over a…. The Quickscan Circular Bicycle by New Economy reports this. The environmental impact and lifespan of bicycles are rarely mapped systematically.
Steering on lifespan and repairability reduces the impact of bicycles most. This is relevant for bicycle manufacturers, designers and organisations in circular mobility.